FM / pod

/usr/share/perl5/pod

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
perl.pod	16667	0644	edit dl rm
perl56delta.pod	107201	0644	edit dl rm
perl58delta.pod	115165	0644	edit dl rm
perl561delta.pod	124713	0644	edit dl rm
perl581delta.pod	38060	0644	edit dl rm
perl582delta.pod	4470	0644	edit dl rm
perl583delta.pod	6335	0644	edit dl rm
perl584delta.pod	7363	0644	edit dl rm
perl585delta.pod	5889	0644	edit dl rm
perl586delta.pod	4651	0644	edit dl rm
perl587delta.pod	8357	0644	edit dl rm
perl588delta.pod	25281	0644	edit dl rm
perl589delta.pod	53904	0644	edit dl rm
perl5004delta.pod	56240	0644	edit dl rm
perl5005delta.pod	34283	0644	edit dl rm
perl5100delta.pod	55533	0644	edit dl rm
perl5101delta.pod	43888	0644	edit dl rm
perl5120delta.pod	89271	0644	edit dl rm
perl5121delta.pod	10141	0644	edit dl rm
perl5122delta.pod	9603	0644	edit dl rm
perl5123delta.pod	4100	0644	edit dl rm
perl5124delta.pod	3672	0644	edit dl rm
perl5125delta.pod	7683	0644	edit dl rm
perl5140delta.pod	144325	0644	edit dl rm
perl5141delta.pod	7966	0644	edit dl rm
perl5142delta.pod	6892	0644	edit dl rm
perl5143delta.pod	7760	0644	edit dl rm
perl5144delta.pod	6327	0644	edit dl rm
perl5160delta.pod	133651	0644	edit dl rm
perl5161delta.pod	6142	0644	edit dl rm
perl5162delta.pod	3594	0644	edit dl rm
perl5163delta.pod	4085	0644	edit dl rm
perl5180delta.pod	119429	0644	edit dl rm
perl5181delta.pod	6597	0644	edit dl rm
perl5182delta.pod	5335	0644	edit dl rm
perl5184delta.pod	4642	0644	edit dl rm
perl5200delta.pod	115698	0644	edit dl rm
perl5201delta.pod	10899	0644	edit dl rm
perl5202delta.pod	12509	0644	edit dl rm
perl5203delta.pod	9392	0644	edit dl rm
perl5220delta.pod	130963	0644	edit dl rm
perl5221delta.pod	10767	0644	edit dl rm
perl5222delta.pod	12629	0644	edit dl rm
perl5223delta.pod	8456	0644	edit dl rm
perl5224delta.pod	4460	0644	edit dl rm
perl5240delta.pod	64923	0644	edit dl rm
perl5241delta.pod	8215	0644	edit dl rm
perl5242delta.pod	4113	0644	edit dl rm
perl5243delta.pod	11428	0644	edit dl rm
perl5244delta.pod	4510	0644	edit dl rm
perl5260delta.pod	101835	0644	edit dl rm
perl5261delta.pod	7927	0644	edit dl rm
perl5262delta.pod	7880	0644	edit dl rm
perl5263delta.pod	7067	0644	edit dl rm
perl5280delta.pod	72113	0644	edit dl rm
perl5281delta.pod	4639	0644	edit dl rm
perl5282delta.pod	6200	0644	edit dl rm
perl5283delta.pod	5111	0644	edit dl rm
perl5300delta.pod	41281	0644	edit dl rm
perl5301delta.pod	5730	0644	edit dl rm
perl5302delta.pod	4682	0644	edit dl rm
perl5303delta.pod	4980	0644	edit dl rm
perl5320delta.pod	54601	0644	edit dl rm
perl5321delta.pod	7003	0644	edit dl rm
perlaix.pod	20438	0644	edit dl rm
perlamiga.pod	5749	0644	edit dl rm
perlandroid.pod	8222	0644	edit dl rm
perlapi.pod	493106	0644	edit dl rm
perlapio.pod	21336	0644	edit dl rm
perlartistic.pod	7010	0644	edit dl rm
perlbook.pod	8386	0644	edit dl rm
perlboot.pod	294	0644	edit dl rm
perlbot.pod	304	0644	edit dl rm
perlbs2000.pod	7994	0644	edit dl rm
perlcall.pod	56738	0644	edit dl rm
perlcheat.pod	4480	0644	edit dl rm
perlclib.pod	9607	0644	edit dl rm
perlcn.pod	4763	0644	edit dl rm
perlcommunity.pod	6983	0644	edit dl rm
perlcygwin.pod	27202	0644	edit dl rm
perldata.pod	49782	0644	edit dl rm
perldbmfilter.pod	4981	0644	edit dl rm
perldebguts.pod	42331	0644	edit dl rm
perldebtut.pod	22152	0644	edit dl rm
perldebug.pod	39383	0644	edit dl rm
perldelta.pod	7003	0644	edit dl rm
perldeprecation.pod	20825	0644	edit dl rm
perldiag.pod	296986	0644	edit dl rm
perldos.pod	10522	0644	edit dl rm
perldsc.pod	25614	0644	edit dl rm
perldtrace.pod	7959	0644	edit dl rm
perlebcdic.pod	84345	0644	edit dl rm
perlembed.pod	37569	0644	edit dl rm
perlexperiment.pod	7234	0644	edit dl rm
perlfork.pod	13355	0644	edit dl rm
perlform.pod	16608	0644	edit dl rm
perlfreebsd.pod	1623	0644	edit dl rm
perlfunc.pod	403777	0644	edit dl rm
perlgit.pod	29591	0644	edit dl rm
perlgov.pod	14481	0644	edit dl rm
perlgpl.pod	13815	0644	edit dl rm
perlguts.pod	162103	0644	edit dl rm
perlhack.pod	43157	0644	edit dl rm
perlhacktips.pod	57692	0644	edit dl rm
perlhacktut.pod	6153	0644	edit dl rm
perlhaiku.pod	1508	0644	edit dl rm
perlhist.pod	56164	0644	edit dl rm
perlhpux.pod	30609	0644	edit dl rm
perlhurd.pod	1994	0644	edit dl rm
perlintern.pod	83565	0644	edit dl rm
perlinterp.pod	33715	0644	edit dl rm
perlintro.pod	22135	0644	edit dl rm
perliol.pod	34804	0644	edit dl rm
perlipc.pod	71529	0644	edit dl rm
perlirix.pod	4415	0644	edit dl rm
perljp.pod	8431	0644	edit dl rm
perlko.pod	12208	0644	edit dl rm
perllexwarn.pod	355	0644	edit dl rm
perllinux.pod	2007	0644	edit dl rm
perllocale.pod	74112	0644	edit dl rm
perllol.pod	9580	0644	edit dl rm
perlmacos.pod	998	0644	edit dl rm
perlmacosx.pod	12124	0644	edit dl rm
perlmod.pod	26197	0644	edit dl rm
perlmodinstall.pod	10261	0644	edit dl rm
perlmodlib.pod	76348	0644	edit dl rm
perlmodstyle.pod	22588	0644	edit dl rm
perlmroapi.pod	3280	0644	edit dl rm
perlnetware.pod	6648	0644	edit dl rm
perlnewmod.pod	11037	0644	edit dl rm
perlnumber.pod	8353	0644	edit dl rm
perlobj.pod	35717	0644	edit dl rm
perlootut.pod	26757	0644	edit dl rm
perlop.pod	148888	0644	edit dl rm
perlopenbsd.pod	1224	0644	edit dl rm
perlopentut.pod	15223	0644	edit dl rm
perlos2.pod	93348	0644	edit dl rm
perlos390.pod	16527	0644	edit dl rm
perlos400.pod	4765	0644	edit dl rm
perlpacktut.pod	51370	0644	edit dl rm
perlperf.pod	49881	0644	edit dl rm
perlplan9.pod	5125	0644	edit dl rm
perlpod.pod	23076	0644	edit dl rm
perlpodspec.pod	68628	0644	edit dl rm
perlpolicy.pod	26562	0644	edit dl rm
perlport.pod	88693	0644	edit dl rm
perlpragma.pod	5176	0644	edit dl rm
perlqnx.pod	6673	0644	edit dl rm
perlre.pod	130817	0644	edit dl rm
perlreapi.pod	30245	0644	edit dl rm
perlrebackslash.pod	32285	0644	edit dl rm
perlrecharclass.pod	49707	0644	edit dl rm
perlref.pod	35432	0644	edit dl rm
perlreftut.pod	18826	0644	edit dl rm
perlreguts.pod	39301	0644	edit dl rm
perlrepository.pod	509	0644	edit dl rm
perlrequick.pod	19141	0644	edit dl rm
perlreref.pod	15590	0644	edit dl rm
perlretut.pod	122527	0644	edit dl rm
perlriscos.pod	1529	0644	edit dl rm
perlrun.pod	55980	0644	edit dl rm
perlsec.pod	27601	0644	edit dl rm
perlsecpolicy.pod	19450	0644	edit dl rm
perlsolaris.pod	29843	0644	edit dl rm
perlsource.pod	7132	0644	edit dl rm
perlstyle.pod	8734	0644	edit dl rm
perlsub.pod	74405	0644	edit dl rm
perlsymbian.pod	15344	0644	edit dl rm
perlsyn.pod	45138	0644	edit dl rm
perlsynology.pod	7960	0644	edit dl rm
perlthrtut.pod	46522	0644	edit dl rm
perltie.pod	39314	0644	edit dl rm
perltoc.pod	701800	0644	edit dl rm
perltodo.pod	372	0644	edit dl rm
perltooc.pod	294	0644	edit dl rm
perltoot.pod	294	0644	edit dl rm
perltrap.pod	10623	0644	edit dl rm
perltru64.pod	8492	0644	edit dl rm
perltw.pod	4463	0644	edit dl rm
perlunicode.pod	91353	0644	edit dl rm
perlunicook.pod	25658	0644	edit dl rm
perlunifaq.pod	13644	0644	edit dl rm
perluniintro.pod	38647	0644	edit dl rm
perluniprops.pod	441614	0644	edit dl rm
perlunitut.pod	7951	0644	edit dl rm
perlutil.pod	7291	0644	edit dl rm
perlvar.pod	82577	0644	edit dl rm
perlvms.pod	50823	0644	edit dl rm
perlvos.pod	3843	0644	edit dl rm
perlwin32.pod	40317	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /usr/share/perl5/pod/perlstyle.pod (8734B)

=head1 NAME

perlstyle - Perl style guide

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Each programmer will, of course, have his or her own preferences in
regards to formatting, but there are some general guidelines that will
make your programs easier to read, understand, and maintain.

The most important thing is to use L<strict> and L<warnings> in all your
code or know the reason why not to.  You may turn them off explicitly for
particular portions of code via C<no warnings> or C<no strict>, and this
can be limited to the specific warnings or strict features you wish to
disable.  The B<-w> flag and C<$^W> variable should not be used for this
purpose since they can affect code you use but did not write, such as
modules from core or CPAN.

Regarding aesthetics of code lay out, about the only thing Larry
cares strongly about is that the closing curly bracket of
a multi-line BLOCK should line up with the keyword that started the construct.
Beyond that, he has other preferences that aren't so strong:

=over 4

=item *

4-column indent.

=item *

Opening curly on same line as keyword, if possible, otherwise line up.

=item *

Space before the opening curly of a multi-line BLOCK.

=item *

One-line BLOCK may be put on one line, including curlies.

=item *

No space before the semicolon.

=item *

Semicolon omitted in "short" one-line BLOCK.

=item *

Space around most operators.

=item *

Space around a "complex" subscript (inside brackets).

=item *

Blank lines between chunks that do different things.

=item *

Uncuddled elses.

=item *

No space between function name and its opening parenthesis.

=item *

Space after each comma.

=item *

Long lines broken after an operator (except C<and> and C<or>).

=item *

Space after last parenthesis matching on current line.

=item *

Line up corresponding items vertically.

=item *

Omit redundant punctuation as long as clarity doesn't suffer.

=back

Larry has his reasons for each of these things, but he doesn't claim that
everyone else's mind works the same as his does.

Here are some other more substantive style issues to think about:

=over 4

=item *

Just because you I<CAN> do something a particular way doesn't mean that
you I<SHOULD> do it that way.  Perl is designed to give you several
ways to do anything, so consider picking the most readable one.  For
instance

open(my $fh, '<', $foo) || die "Can't open $foo: $!";

is better than

die "Can't open $foo: $!" unless open(my $fh, '<', $foo);

because the second way hides the main point of the statement in a
modifier.  On the other hand

print "Starting analysis\n" if $verbose;

is better than

$verbose && print "Starting analysis\n";

because the main point isn't whether the user typed B<-v> or not.

Similarly, just because an operator lets you assume default arguments
doesn't mean that you have to make use of the defaults.  The defaults
are there for lazy systems programmers writing one-shot programs.  If
you want your program to be readable, consider supplying the argument.

Along the same lines, just because you I<CAN> omit parentheses in many
places doesn't mean that you ought to:

return print reverse sort num values %array;
    return print(reverse(sort num (values(%array))));

When in doubt, parenthesize.  At the very least it will let some poor
schmuck bounce on the % key in B<vi>.

Even if you aren't in doubt, consider the mental welfare of the person
who has to maintain the code after you, and who will probably put
parentheses in the wrong place.

=item *

Don't go through silly contortions to exit a loop at the top or the
bottom, when Perl provides the C<last> operator so you can exit in
the middle.  Just "outdent" it a little to make it more visible:

LINE:
	for (;;) {
	    statements;
	  last LINE if $foo;
	    next LINE if /^#/;
	    statements;
	}

=item *

Don't be afraid to use loop labels--they're there to enhance
readability as well as to allow multilevel loop breaks.  See the
previous example.

=item *

Avoid using C<grep()> (or C<map()>) or `backticks` in a void context, that is,
when you just throw away their return values.  Those functions all
have return values, so use them.  Otherwise use a C<foreach()> loop or
the C<system()> function instead.

=item *

For portability, when using features that may not be implemented on
every machine, test the construct in an eval to see if it fails.  If
you know what version or patchlevel a particular feature was
implemented, you can test C<$]> (C<$PERL_VERSION> in C<English>) to see if it
will be there.  The C<Config> module will also let you interrogate values
determined by the B<Configure> program when Perl was installed.

=item *

Choose mnemonic identifiers.  If you can't remember what mnemonic means,
you've got a problem.

=item *

While short identifiers like C<$gotit> are probably ok, use underscores to
separate words in longer identifiers.  It is generally easier to read
C<$var_names_like_this> than C<$VarNamesLikeThis>, especially for
non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
consistently with C<VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS>.

Package names are sometimes an exception to this rule.  Perl informally
reserves lowercase module names for "pragma" modules like C<integer> and
C<strict>.  Other modules should begin with a capital letter and use mixed
case, but probably without underscores due to limitations in primitive
file systems' representations of module names as files that must fit into a
few sparse bytes.

=item *

You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
or nature of a variable. For example:

$ALL_CAPS_HERE   constants only (beware clashes with perl vars!)
    $Some_Caps_Here  package-wide global/static
    $no_caps_here    function scope my() or local() variables

Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
E.g., C<$obj-E<gt>as_string()>.

You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
function should not be used outside the package that defined it.

=item *

If you have a really hairy regular expression, use the C</x>  or C</xx>
modifiers and put in some whitespace to make it look a little less like
line noise.
Don't use slash as a delimiter when your regexp has slashes or backslashes.

=item *

Use the new C<and> and C<or> operators to avoid having to parenthesize
list operators so much, and to reduce the incidence of punctuation
operators like C<&&> and C<||>.  Call your subroutines as if they were
functions or list operators to avoid excessive ampersands and parentheses.

=item *

Use here documents instead of repeated C<print()> statements.

=item *

Line up corresponding things vertically, especially if it'd be too long
to fit on one line anyway.

$IDX = $ST_MTIME;
    $IDX = $ST_ATIME 	   if $opt_u;
    $IDX = $ST_CTIME 	   if $opt_c;
    $IDX = $ST_SIZE  	   if $opt_s;

mkdir $tmpdir, 0700	or die "can't mkdir $tmpdir: $!";
    chdir($tmpdir)      or die "can't chdir $tmpdir: $!";
    mkdir 'tmp',   0777	or die "can't mkdir $tmpdir/tmp: $!";

=item *

Always check the return codes of system calls.  Good error messages should
go to C<STDERR>, include which program caused the problem, what the failed
system call and arguments were, and (VERY IMPORTANT) should contain the
standard system error message for what went wrong.  Here's a simple but
sufficient example:

opendir(my $dh, $dir)	 or die "can't opendir $dir: $!";

=item *

Line up your transliterations when it makes sense:

tr [abc]
       [xyz];

=item *

Think about reusability.  Why waste brainpower on a one-shot when you
might want to do something like it again?  Consider generalizing your
code.  Consider writing a module or object class.  Consider making your
code run cleanly with C<use strict> and C<use warnings> in
effect.  Consider giving away your code.  Consider changing your whole
world view.  Consider... oh, never mind.

=item *

Try to document your code and use Pod formatting in a consistent way. Here
are commonly expected conventions:

=over 4

=item *

use C<CE<lt>E<gt>> for function, variable and module names (and more
generally anything that can be considered part of code, like filehandles
or specific values). Note that function names are considered more readable
with parentheses after their name, that is C<function()>.

=item *

use C<BE<lt>E<gt>> for commands names like B<cat> or B<grep>.

=item *

use C<FE<lt>E<gt>> or C<CE<lt>E<gt>> for file names. C<FE<lt>E<gt>> should
be the only Pod code for file names, but as most Pod formatters render it
as italic, Unix and Windows paths with their slashes and backslashes may
be less readable, and better rendered with C<CE<lt>E<gt>>.

=back

=item *

Be consistent.

=item *

Be nice.

=back

cmd: